Contaminación de las Aguas Subterráneas por Arsénico (As) el caso del distrito de Juliaca – Perú
Resumen
La contaminación por arsénico (As), mediante el consumo de aguas subterráneas, es un problema de salud pública que afecta la vida de aquellas personas que no cuentan con servicio de abastecimiento de agua potable en la ciudad de Juliaca. En las aguas subterráneas de la ciudad de Juliaca, se encontraron concentraciones de As con una media de 73.5 µg L-1; que supera el límite máximo de 10 µg L-1, establecido por la directriz de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Asimismo se determinaron medias de parámetros fisicoquímicos como pH de 7.595, CE de 1238.539 ?S cm-1 y concentraciones medias de turbiedad 5.250 NTU, CaCO3 454.692 mg L-1, Ca2+ 115.659 mg L-1, Mg2+ 33.383 mg L-1, SO42- 80.981 mg L-1 y Cl – 146.037 mg L-1; estos valores se ubicaron dentro de los estándares nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, la ingesta diaria de agua subterránea contaminada en la ciudad de Juliaca puede ser la principal vía de exposición al As, que conlleve consecuencias graves y efectos adversos en la salud de los pobladores. Por lo tanto, el agua subterránea utilizada para el consumo público debe someterse a pruebas periódicas de As y otros elementos para garantizar que su inocuidad se encuentre dentro de los lineamientos nacionales establecidos. Finalmente se requiere una atención inmediata por parte de las autoridades locales.Palabras claves: Contaminación de agua subterránea, metales pesados, riesgo a la salud humana, Arsénico.Descargas
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